Long Strangle
Overview
If you liked the Long Straddle but thought, "Gee, that's a bit pricey," then the Long Strangle might be right up your alley. Think of it as the Long Straddle's thriftier cousin – same volatility-loving DNA, but with a more budget-friendly approach.
With a Long Strangle, you're still buying both a call option AND a put option with the same expiration date, but here's the twist: you choose out-of-the-money options for both. The call strike is above the current stock price, and the put strike is below it. This creates a "strangle" around the current price – hence the somewhat alarming name. The good news? It's cheaper than a straddle. The catch? The stock needs to make an even bigger move to be profitable.
Key Characteristics
- Market Outlook: "I'm betting on a massive move, but I'm too frugal for a straddle"
- Risk: Limited to whatever you paid for both options (which is less than a straddle)
- Profit Potential: Theoretically unlimited in either direction (minus what you paid)
- Breakeven Points: Call strike plus your total cost (upper) and put strike minus your total cost (lower)
When to Use
The Long Strangle might be your strategy of choice when:
- You're expecting a truly massive move from a stock (not just a little wiggle)
- You want to play a volatile event but find straddles too expensive
- You're willing to accept a wider profit zone in exchange for a lower entry cost
- You've noticed a stock consolidating in a tight range before what looks like a major breakout
- You want to make a volatility play but need to keep your risk capital in check
Real-World Example
Let's walk through this with a concrete example. Say XYZ stock is trading at $50, and they're about to announce earnings that you think will cause a major move.
- You buy a $55 strike call option (that's $5 out-of-the-money) for $1.50 per share ($150 total)
- You also buy a $45 strike put option (also $5 out-of-the-money) for $1.25 per share ($125 total)
- Your total investment is just $2.75 per share ($275 total) – significantly cheaper than a comparable straddle
- For this to be profitable, XYZ needs to move above $57.75 or below $42.25 by expiration
Now let's see what happens in different scenarios:
- If XYZ rockets to $60 after blowout earnings, your call is worth $5 per share ($500 total), your put expires worthless, and you've made $225 profit ($500 - $275 cost)
- If XYZ plummets to $40 after terrible earnings, your put is worth $5 per share ($500 total), your call expires worthless, and you've also made $225 profit
- If XYZ moves to $53 – a decent move but not massive – both options will likely expire worthless, and you'll lose your $275 investment
The key difference from a straddle? You need a bigger move to profit, but you're risking less money. It's like placing a smaller bet on a longer-shot outcome.
The Good Stuff
- Cheaper than a straddle – you're buying out-of-the-money options on both sides
- Still gives you unlimited profit potential in either direction
- Your risk is completely defined and limited to what you paid
- You don't have to predict which way the stock will move, just that it will move big
- If volatility increases after you buy, both options typically gain value
The Not-So-Good Stuff
- Requires a much larger price move to be profitable compared to a straddle
- Your breakeven points are further apart, making profitability less likely
- Time decay still works against you every day the stock doesn't make its big move
- If volatility decreases after you buy, both options lose value
- If the stock price stays between your strike prices, you lose your entire investment
Playing It Smart
- Choose your strike prices carefully – too far apart and you'll need an enormous move to profit
- Consider using technical support and resistance levels to help select your strikes
- Make sure your expiration date gives enough time for the big move you're expecting
- Be realistic about the magnitude of move you're betting on – strangles need big swings
- If one side becomes profitable after a big move, consider taking profits rather than hoping for more
- Remember that the wider your strikes, the cheaper the strangle but the bigger move needed
- Don't get greedy with your strike selection – a slightly more expensive strangle with closer strikes might have a much better chance of success